091 Surah Ash Shams
Transcripts
Tafseer of Surah 91 - Shams - Nouman Ali Khan
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
This is a Surah of oaths.
Every time Allah takes an oath by any of His creations, there is a work that hasn’t been said, that is understood and that is the word “Rabb”
Eg. وَالشَّمْسِ : By the lord of the sun
1. وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا
“I swear by the sun and by its soothing morning light”
2. وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا
“And I swear by the moon as it follows it and continues to follow it (the sun)”
3. وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا
“And I swear by the day as it gives brilliance to it (the sun)”
4. وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا
“And I swear by the night as it covers it up (the light of the sun)”
5. وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا
“And I swear by the sky and I swear by what kind of power made it”
“And I swear by the sky and I swear by how remarkable its creation is”
6. وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا
“And I swear by the earth and I swear by what kind of power it must be that laid down this earth and its vastness”
“And I swear by the earth and I swear how incredible its vastness; how incredible it is laying down”
== > The oaths are an invitation to reflection- the sun and moon, day and night, sky and earth; they have been given the rules and they follow it.
== > What kind of incredible creator must it be that gave them harmony despite of them being such opposites.
7. وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا
“And the nafs (the conscience) and how remarkably well it has been balanced”
“And the nafs (the conscience) and how amazing is the one who balance it”
- > how amazingly well he balanced it; good and evil
- > body wants its own things (companionship, wealth, food, shelter, …) and rooh wants it own things (revelation)
- > the nafs is influenced by needs; needs of the body and needs of the soul
- > Nafs-ul-lawwama : Blame worthy nafs, guilty nafs
Nafs-ul-mutmainnah : the tranquil nafs, the conscience nafs
Nafs-ul-ammarah : the nafs that commands to evil
8. فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا
“Then he placed inside the nafs, he gave it a clear conscience/ a clear understanding of what is clearly rebellious to Allah
and Allah gave this human being / he inclined in him the ability or consciousness/ awareness to protect itself”
فَأَلْهَمَهَا : Ilham: gut feeling
فُجُورَهَا :Fujur/ Fajir : the one who rebels against Allah in the worst possible way
وَتَقْوَاهَا : Taqwa: to protect yourself from something bad, so that you are staying away from the bad thing and the punishment that will come as a result.
“We inspired in the human being a recognition of evil and the urge to protect itself”
9. قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا
“Already / certainly he succeeded the one who engaged in purifying it (nafs) thoroughly”
أَفْلَحَ : Iflah: the farmer that is about to reap harvest, success came to them after a long duration of labor, efforts.
-- > The activity of cleansing oneself- Allah calls it success.
The one sincerely engaged in this activity- Allah calls that activity itself as success.
10. وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا
“The one who puts his nafs in the dust is set up for frustration”
خَابَ : when you are running after something and you fail to get it / or you didn’t get what you wanted; (disappointment, frustration, failure)
دَسَّاهَا : The one who throws it into the dust and covers it in dust and completely disregards it (nafs); disregards the good potential of the nafs.
11. كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا
“Thamud lied against (their messenger) as a result of their rebellion (because of their rebellion)”
Tuqyan: بِطَغْوَاهَا : exceeding rebellion
12. إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا
“When he rose all on his own the worst, the most unfortunate, the most wretched, the most wicked, the most corrupt of them”
13. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا
“Then the messenger of Allah said especially to them, watch out/beware this is the she-camel of Allah, and watch out/beware its place (and time) of drink”
14. فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا
“Then they lied against him;
they attacked ( stab and chop the bottom parts of its limbs off), therefore painfully and mercilessly slaughtered it (the camel);
their lord completely crushed them and pounded them because of their sins;
then he made all of them and the town flat (balanced and created harmony)”
فَدَمْدَمَ : destroy ( pound something/ someone into the ground so much that they became one / immersed with the ground
15. وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا
“ And He (Allah) does not fear its consequence”
عُقْبَاهَا : biggest worst consequence
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