Juz Amma 085

Nouman Ali` Khan - 085 Al-Burooj -

Surah Al Burooj

Tafseer of Surah 85 - Burooj - Nouman Ali Khan

My transcripts

“sama ” was mentioned with theme of destruction in future,
this surah is about what is now (present)

=============Functions of oath ===============
a. When Allah swears by something, it has magnified the sky
b. It is an expression of anger
c. Oaths are used in language when you are not being believed. Speaker will take an oath when the audience are not believing him.
d. Take whatever Allah swears by and make it a witness

1. وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ

“(Allah says I swear) by the sky, sky that is possessor of burooj –
Allah swears by the sky full of stellar stars and angels, forts and the incampus of the angels”
sky is a witness
burooj – means tower/ forts/ high building/ skies/ large stars in the sky
zaat – possession
burooj is like full of forts or castles in the sky with soldiers – angels

2. وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ

“(Allah says I swear) By the promised day”
al yaum/ al mou’ood : al means something specific

3. وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ

“(Allah says I swear ) By the witnesses and (I swear by ) that which has been witnessed”
shahid : somebody witness and present (haazir ) and helper (nasir)

HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE SURAH :
The people who were oppressed, young children, women, old people, non arabs with no citizenship, slaves in Makkah by Quraish. This is an announcement for the support of the believers. So, when the muslim is being oppressed, he should’nt think he is alone. He shouldn’t think there is no defence. Allah has defence for him. Its in the sky, Its ready to go. Allah swears it and by the angels that are witnessing

This ayah is the summary of the Islam, summary of entire Deen, summary of entire makkan Quran, entire agreement we have with Allah.swt

a. we are shahid over Day of Judgement and events of Day of Judgement
b. all of the creation of Allah is shahid and la ilaha illallah is mashood
c.  The people are shahid over the evidence of previous nations that were rebellious and destroyed
d. The ruins are shahid and mashhood is power of Allah, justice of Allah
e. Allah is shahid over whatever is happening and we are also shahid
f. angels right now are shahid and our actions are mashhood
g. we are shahid on day of judgement that the angels are coming down. Angels will become mahshood
h. the messenger of Allah.s is shahid and mashhood is Jibril.a taking over the entire horizon
i. time is shahid and the fact that we are going into loss is mashood ( surah asr )
j. we are shahid against ourselves. Surah Noor 24:24. Our tounges, hand and feet will will bear witness over our actions.
k. messenger.s is shahid over all of us/ummah
l. ummah is shahid over all of humanity
m. Isa.a is shahid. People of Isa.a were asking Isa.a to be a witness that they were muslims.
n. people of the book (people of Isa.a) are being asked my muslims of muhamad.s that we were muslims.
o. kuffar to testify themselves to kufar
o. Jumah is shahid and yaumul Arafat is mashood
p. sky is shahid with stellar stars and armies of angels and promised day is mashood.

4. قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الْأُخْدُودِ

“The people of Uqdood- may they be destroyed/violently killed.”
qutila : he was killed, (also) cursing language ;
qutila fulan : may that guy (so and so) be killed.  
uqdood : rectangular large shape ditch, deep in the earth dug by human beings

HADITH:
A believing boy took influence from another muslim and then defied the ruler/ magician of the time. This child could not be killed unless you say Allah’s name and finally when he was killed, the entire town became muslims and as a response all of the civilians were dropped into ditches and burnt alive by the king.
These horrible things are even happening now. (massacres, ancient practice)

sahib/ashaab : always around/ hanging out together

5.  النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ

“Fire possessive of fuel”
These ditches were filled with fire. Fire possessive of fuel. It keeps blazing. People screaming.
They may be destroyed because of the crime and their crime is the punishment itself.

6.  إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ

“When they sit over a long period of time, “
these criminals – they enjoyed it, watching the believers be tortured and killed
juloos: sit
qu’ood: sit over a long period of time

7. وَهُمْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ

“And they, these people in particular, specifically over what they did with the believers , they themselves are a witness to this- shuhood.”
‘amal : they think about it and do it. Eg. Writing a book
fa’a : no thought. Eg. Breathing
These vicious criminals saw everything. Their crime is mashood and they are shuhood

8.  وَمَا نَقَمُوا مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ

“What was so detestable,that they found in them
what made them so hateful of the believers
what filled them with so much intolerance against these believers
the One with authority and Praise”
Niqma: Naqma/naqima: something you see in someone and you are disgusted. “you” don’t like it. The urge to take defence against someone wether or not the offence is reasonable.
Eg. I don’t like his shirt color. I just wanna slap him.
I’zzah: means authority. Allah has all authority
hameed/ hamd : Have gratitude (thanks) and to praise
Out of hamd of Allah, we accept His authority.  

naqamoo: fail mazi (past)
yuminoo: fail muzari (present continuous)
Even in tough circumstances, they held on to their Iman.

9.  الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ

“the One to Whom exclusively (lahu) only with Him
is the sovereignty (mulk)
The one who has the sovereignty over the heavens and the earth,
In regards to every single thing under imagination, everything you can imagine - Allah has been witness to it all along.
Allah is a witness to everything.”
Mulk: Eg. A sovereign rulen/ ancient king has absolute authority. Nobody has a right to question him.
Allah is the ultimate witness – shahid and everything that has happened is mashood.

10.  إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ

“ Certainly, There is no doubt,
those who put to test, put into difficulty,
the believing men and believing women, (al muminoon: noun/ ism fail/ permanent)
thereafter  (thumma : thereafter, longer period of time)
did not repent, did not make tauba
then, as a result,
only for them is the torture of Jahannama and it is these people, only they will have punishment of hareeq; they are the ones who turned into fuel:

Fitna: painful process of purification; situation where you are put to the test
basically, your feet are placed in the fire and your test is how committed you are to Iman.
Fitna is something that will take you away from Islam. It tests your commitment to Deen
by means of fear, temptation, distraction, greed-  try to get you away from Islam
hareeq: that which sets on the fire; set something on fire Eg. Gas, coal, wood
Jahannam/ jahnaam: torture chamber

11.  إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ

“As for those who believe and do good deeds, they shall have
Jannaat (plural of jannah) – lush gardens/bed of gardens covered completely in beauty beneath which multiple rivers flow;
That infact is the ultimate/ great/ huge success”

Fa is missing here because we don’t earn paradise. It’s a gift from Allah, mercy from Allah.

IMAGINE your own house(multiple properties) with gardens all around , multiple waterfalls, that house is above the hill and somewhere below rivers flowing.

12.  إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ

“There is no doubt, the seizing/ sqeezing/ grabbing is intense”
/Allah gives council to His messenger.s
bathsh : to grab somebody that is stronger than you and you grab in a way that you try to muscle out and they cant go out and you keep sqeezing
shiddah/shadd: to tie something up and then knot it over and over and keep pulling

13. إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ

“Don’t have any doubt, It is infact he, he is the one, he initiated this the first time around and He will bring them back”

14. وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ

“And He is all forgiving, the one who loves intensely, passionately, inflamed love, engulfing love”
Now, he is addressing to all of us.

15. ذُو الْعَرْشِ الْمَجِيدُ

“He is the possessor of the noble, glorified Arsh”
majeed: to be great in terms of nobility, class, incredibly honourable

16. فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ

“and he does over and over and over whatever He wants.”
fa’aluu: repetition
He does whatever He wills , we can only beg.

17. هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ

“Did the news of the armies come to you?”
(you here is Muhammad.s, then Muhammad.s speaks to the kuffar)
hadith: old news/stories forgotten and when it is said again it sounds new.
junud: powerful armies, well organised

18. فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ

“of Fir'on (Pharaoh) and of Thamud?”
Firaun was possessor of camels , tents, big army
thamud also had a powerful army and very powerful in construction

19. بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي تَكْذِيبٍ

“Rather, those who disbelieved, they are drowned in takzeeb- their attempts to lie against you”

20. وَاللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ مُحِيطٌ

“And Allah is (all around them ) in front and behind, He is muheet- HE encompassed them altogether. Allah has engulfed them”

21. بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَجِيدٌ

“Surely this is a Glorious, noble Qur'an,”

22. فِي لَوْحٍ مَحْفُوظٍ

“It is in the Tablet that is protected”